Keratinfilamentnät

Keratinfilamentnät, often referred to as keratin intermediate filament networks, are a fundamental structural component found within eukaryotic cells, particularly prominent in epithelial cells. These networks are composed of intermediate filament proteins, with keratin being the most abundant type. Keratins are a diverse family of proteins that assemble into robust, rope-like filaments. The assembly process involves the formation of dimers, which then associate to create protofilaments, and eventually further aggregate into larger filaments. These filaments are not randomly distributed but form an intricate network that permeates the cytoplasm, anchoring to the cell nucleus and the plasma membrane.

The primary function of keratin filament networks is to provide mechanical strength and resilience to cells and tissues. They help cells withstand physical stress, preventing them from tearing or rupturing under tension. This is especially critical in tissues that experience significant mechanical forces, such as the epidermis of the skin. Beyond mechanical support, these networks also play roles in maintaining cell shape and organizing intracellular components. They are dynamic structures, capable of being remodeled in response to cellular signals and environmental cues. Defects in keratin filament networks are associated with a range of human diseases, including various keratinopathies, which manifest as skin blistering disorders, hair abnormalities, and nail defects, highlighting their essential role in cellular and tissue integrity.