Kenaf

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a fast-growing annual or short-lived perennial plant in the mallow family (Malvaceae). Native to Africa, it is widely cultivated for fiber and also for seed oil and forage. In a single growing season it can reach 2–3 meters in height, with taller specimens in favorable conditions.

Fiber production is a primary use of kenaf. The plant yields a bast fiber from the outer stalk that is strong yet soft enough for a variety of applications. Kenaf fiber is used for rope and twine, geotextiles, and reinforcement in composite materials. It can also be pulped for paper, providing a renewable supplement or alternative to wood fibers.

Seed and oil are another important aspect. Kenaf seeds contain oil that can be pressed for edible oil or biodiesel, with the press cake used as a protein-rich animal feed.

Cultivation and ecology: Kenaf prefers warm climates with full sun and well-drained soils. It tolerates a range of soils but is sensitive to frost and cold temperatures. The crop has a relatively short growing cycle and may be harvested for fiber after a few months, or used as green fodder in some regions.

Harvesting and processing: Fiber extraction involves retting to separate the bast fiber from the core, followed by decortication or mechanical processing. Residues can be used for pulping, mulch, or other byproducts.

Economic and environmental aspects: Kenaf is promoted in some regions as a sustainable, rapidly renewable fiber crop with potential applications in paper, textiles, biocomposites, and bioenergy. Global production is concentrated in warm-climate regions where year-round cultivation is feasible, with ongoing research to improve yield and processing.