Kehlkopfuntersuchung

Kehlkopfuntersuchung is the medical examination of the larynx, commonly referred to as the voice box, performed to assess structural and functional integrity. It is used by otolaryngologists, speech therapists, and audiologists to diagnose conditions such as vocal fold lesions, nodules, polyps, laryngitis, and cancers. The procedure may also be indicated in patients with hoarseness, voice fatigue, swallowing disorders, or unexplained throat pain.

The examination typically involves visual inspection via laryngoscopy. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy is preferred because it allows dynamic visualization while the patient speaks and breathes, and is generally better tolerated. In some cases rigid laryngoscopy under local or general anesthesia may be required for detailed assessment or for interventions such as biopsies. In addition to visual inspection, adjunctive tests such as acoustic analysis, laryngeal electromyography, and imaging modalities (CT or MRI) may be employed to evaluate vocal fold vibration, neural control, and surrounding structures.

During the procedure the patient is seated and the scope is gently introduced through the nasal cavity or oral cavity. The laryngologist observes the mucosal surfaces, vocal folds, arytenoids, epiglottis, and epiglottic vallecula for edema, erythema, motion abnormality, or lesions. Findings are documented and, if necessary, targeted biopsies are taken.

The examination is safe; common mild discomfort includes mild pressure or a sensation of gushy air. Rare complications include epistaxis, transient hoarseness, or minor mucosal injury. Post‑exam care involves monitoring for bleeding or severe pain. Early identification of pathologies through Kehlkopfuntersuchung can significantly improve treatment outcomes and preserve vocal function.