Kavennusten

Kavennusten is the Finnish term for multiple instances of constriction or narrowing in biological passages or vessels. The word kavennus denotes a narrowing, and kavennusten refers to several such narrowings. In medical usage, kavennukset describe abnormal reductions in the diameter or openness of anatomical channels, which can impair function.

Common contexts for kavennusten include cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems. Vascular kavennukset (stenoses) involve narrowed blood vessels, such as renal artery stenosis or congenital aortic coarctation, potentially causing reduced blood flow and hypertension. Airway kavennukset, or tracheal/bronchial stenosis, can lead to breathing difficulties. Spinal kavennus (canal stenosis) may compress nerves and cause pain or neurological symptoms. Valvular kavennukset refer to narrowed heart valves, as seen in aortic or mitral stenosis, which affect hemodynamics and heart function.

Diagnosis typically relies on imaging and functional assessment. Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) angiography, and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography visualize the location and degree of narrowing, while functional studies assess the impact on blood flow or airway function. Clinical evaluation complements imaging to determine treatment needs.

Treatment is tailored to the cause and severity. Mild or asymptomatic kavennukset may be monitored, while significant stenoses are often addressed with interventional or surgical approaches. Endovascular options include angioplasty with or without stent placement; surgical repair or bypass may be indicated for certain vascular or spinal cases. Heart-valve stenosis may require valvotomy or replacement. Management also focuses on underlying risk factors and associated conditions to improve outcomes.