Kattepõldude

Kattepõldude is an Estonian term that translates to "cover crops" in English. Cover cropping is an agricultural practice where a crop is grown primarily to benefit the soil and the subsequent crop, rather than for harvest. These crops are typically planted in the off-season or between main crop cycles.

The primary purposes of cover crops include improving soil health, preventing erosion, and suppressing weeds. By covering the soil surface, they protect it from the impact of rain and wind, reducing the loss of topsoil. Their root systems help to stabilize the soil and improve its structure, leading to better water infiltration and aeration.

Cover crops can also contribute to nutrient management. Some species, like legumes, can fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it available for future crops. Others can scavenge for excess nutrients in the soil, preventing them from leaching away. Additionally, the organic matter from decomposed cover crops enhances soil fertility and supports beneficial soil microorganisms.

Various plant species can be used as cover crops, including rye, vetch, clover, buckwheat, and mustard. The choice of cover crop depends on factors such as the climate, soil type, and the goals of the farmer. When it is time to plant the main crop, the cover crop is typically tilled into the soil or managed through other methods like crimping or mowing.