Katoliiklus

Katoliiklus, often translated as Catholicism, refers to the largest branch of Christianity, with over 1.3 billion members worldwide. It is a tradition that traces its origins back to Jesus Christ and the apostles. Central to Catholic belief is the doctrine of the Trinity, the belief in one God in three persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.

The Catholic Church is hierarchical, with the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, considered the successor of Saint Peter and the visible head of the Church. Bishops are seen as successors to the apostles, and priests are their collaborators in ministry. The sacraments are a vital part of Catholic life and practice, seen as outward signs of inward grace instituted by Christ. Key sacraments include Baptism, Confirmation, the Eucharist (Holy Communion), Penance (Reconciliation), Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony.

The Bible and Church tradition are the two primary sources of Catholic teaching, interpreted authoritatively by the Magisterium, which consists of the Pope and the bishops in communion with him. The Virgin Mary holds a special place in Catholic devotion, venerated as the Mother of God. Catholic social teaching emphasizes the dignity of the human person, the common good, and solidarity.