Kathismata

Kathismata are a set of fifteen psalms sung or recited in the Divine Liturgy of the Eastern Orthodox Church and some other Eastern Christian traditions, particularly during the Typica service, Vespers, and Matins. The word "kathisma" (plural: kathismata) is Greek for "session" or "seat," and it refers to the practice of the congregation sitting during their recitation.

These fifteen sections are derived from the Book of Psalms, which is divided into 20 kathismata in the Byzantine tradition. However, only fifteen are selected for liturgical use. The psalms chosen for the kathismata are intended to be contemplative and prayerful, offering a spiritual reflection for the faithful. The specific psalms included can vary depending on the liturgical season or feast day, though a standard selection is generally followed.

The recitation of the kathismata is often interspersed with litanies and prayers, marking a period of rest and spiritual focus within the longer services. They serve to divide the Psalter into manageable liturgical units and provide a structured way to engage with the biblical text during worship. The practice of reading portions of the Psalms during services is ancient, and the concept of kathismata evolved within the monastic and liturgical traditions of the East.