Kathetern

Kathetern is a term used to refer to a family of medical devices consisting of flexible tubes inserted into the body to drain fluids, infuse medications, or monitor physiological conditions. In English, the equivalent term is catheter; Kathetern appears as a transliteration or historical variant in several languages and in certain technical texts.

Common forms include urinary catheters for urinary drainage, vascular catheters for venous access and monitoring, peritoneal dialysis catheters, and endovascular or cardiac catheters used for imaging and intervention. Catheters may be inserted through natural passages or small incisions and are designed for short-term or long-term use depending on indication.

Catheters are typically made of flexible biocompatible polymers such as silicone, latex-free polyurethane, or silicone blends. They may be single-lumen or multi-lumen to allow simultaneous infusion and drainage. Some catheters feature coatings to improve insertion, reduce infection risk, or facilitate drug delivery. Sizes vary to fit patient anatomy.

Insertion requires sterile technique and is performed by trained clinicians. Care and maintenance include regular flushing or filling with saline, securing the device to prevent dislodgement, and monitoring for signs of infection or malfunction. Common complications include infection, thrombosis, bleeding, occlusion, and accidental removal.

Modern catheter development progressed in the 19th and 20th centuries, with innovations such as the Seldinger technique enabling safer placement. Catheters are medical devices regulated by health authorities; approvals emphasize sterility, biocompatibility, labeling, and post-market surveillance.

See also: catheter, urinary catheter, central venous catheter. Etymology derives from the Greek katheteron, meaning to thrust down, reflecting the device's invasive function.