singlelumen

Singlelumen, or single-lumen, is a term used to describe a device or anatomical structure that contains a single hollow channel (lumen). In medical contexts it distinguishes devices or conduits with one passage from those with two or more parallel channels (multi-lumen). The concept applies to catheters, drains, tubes, and to segments of the body that have a single internal cavity for fluids.

In clinical practice, single-lumen devices are common when a simple, one-function conduit is sufficient. Examples include single-lumen endotracheal tubes for airway management; single-lumen urinary catheters; and some central venous catheters intended for single-fluid infusion. Multi-lumen devices, by contrast, accommodate multiple fluids or simultaneous functions, such as separate infusion and sampling channels or lung isolation with a double-lumen endotracheal tube.

Choosing between single-lumen and multi-lumen devices depends on clinical needs, including the required flow, compatibility of medications, monitoring, and risk of infection or occlusion. In anesthesia, the standard endotracheal tube is single-lumen for routine cases, while double-lumen tubes are selected for procedures requiring selective ventilation. In vascular access, single-lumen catheters are often adequate for straightforward infusions, whereas multi-lumen catheters may be needed for complex therapy.