Katekolaminler

Katekolaminler, also known as catecholamines, are a group of biogenic amines that play a crucial role in the body's response to stress and in the regulation of various physiological processes. They are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and include epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine. These compounds are synthesized in the adrenal medulla and in certain neurons within the central nervous system.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are primarily involved in the body's "fight or flight" response, which is activated during stressful situations. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels, preparing the body for action. Dopamine, on the other hand, is associated with the brain's reward and motivation systems, as well as motor control and cognitive functions.

Katekolaminler are also used clinically as medications. Epinephrine is commonly administered in emergencies to treat severe allergic reactions and cardiac arrest. Norepinephrine is used to treat low blood pressure and heart failure. Dopamine is used to treat low blood pressure and certain neurological conditions.

The metabolism of katekolaminler is primarily regulated by the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which converts them into inactive metabolites. This process helps to terminate the effects of these compounds once the stressful situation has passed.