Kastijärjestelmät

Kastijärjestelmät, often translated as caste systems, are hierarchical social stratification systems that divide people into endogamous groups based on birth. These systems are traditionally found in South Asia, most notably in India, but similar forms have existed elsewhere. Membership in a caste is hereditary, meaning it is determined by one's parents and cannot be changed.

Caste systems typically prescribe a person's occupation, social interactions, and marriage partners. Individuals are expected to marry within their own caste, and social mobility between castes is severely restricted or impossible. The origin of caste systems is complex and debated, with theories ranging from ancient Aryan invasion and occupational specialization to religious beliefs and the concept of ritual purity.

In many traditional caste systems, there is a hierarchy of castes, with certain groups considered to be at the top and others at the bottom. The lowest castes, often referred to as "Dalits" or "untouchables" in the Indian context, have historically faced severe discrimination and social exclusion. While legal frameworks in countries like India have outlawed caste-based discrimination, the social and economic implications of these systems can persist. Understanding kastijärjestelmät requires acknowledging their historical roots, their impact on social structures, and the ongoing challenges related to equality and social justice.