Karüülhappe

Karuülhappe, also known as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), is a naturally occurring bile acid found in small amounts in the bile of humans and other mammals. It is primarily produced in the liver and plays a role in fat digestion and absorption. Ursodeoxycholic acid is less hydrophobic than other bile acids.

In the medical field, karüülhappe is used as a medication, often under the brand name Urso or Ursodiol. It is primarily prescribed to treat primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a chronic autoimmune liver disease that gradually destroys bile ducts. Karüülhappe helps to improve bile flow and reduce liver damage. It is also used to dissolve certain types of gallstones, particularly cholesterol gallstones, when surgery is not an option.

The mechanism of action of karüülhappe involves several processes. It reduces the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol in the intestine, thereby decreasing the cholesterol content in bile. It also increases the secretion of bile acids into the bile, which can help to solubilize cholesterol and prevent gallstone formation. Furthermore, karüülhappe has been shown to have cytoprotective effects on liver cells, protecting them from the damaging effects of toxic bile acids.

While generally well-tolerated, common side effects of karüülhappe can include diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. It is important for individuals to consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis, treatment, and to discuss any potential risks or side effects associated with karüülhappe. The use of karüülhappe is typically a long-term treatment.