Karbonköltségvetés

Karbonköltségvetés refers to a system of allocating and managing greenhouse gas emissions allowances. It is a key instrument in climate change mitigation policies, often implemented through cap-and-trade systems. The core idea is to set a limit, or cap, on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by covered entities, such as industrial facilities or entire sectors of the economy. This cap is then divided into tradable allowances, which are distributed or auctioned to these entities.

Companies that emit less than their allocated allowances can sell their surplus to companies that exceed their limits. This creates a financial incentive to reduce emissions, as polluters face a cost for their emissions, while those who reduce them can generate revenue. The total number of allowances decreases over time, gradually tightening the cap and driving further emission reductions.

Karbonköltségvetés aims to achieve emission reduction targets in a cost-effective manner. By allowing market forces to determine where emission reductions occur, it is believed that reductions will happen at the lowest possible cost to society. The system requires robust monitoring, reporting, and verification mechanisms to ensure compliance and the integrity of the market. While effective in principle, the design and implementation of karbonköltségvetés systems are complex and can involve various challenges related to allocation methods, scope of coverage, and potential for market manipulation.