Kapillaritásalapú

Kapillaritásalapú refers to phenomena or applications that rely on capillary action. Capillary action, also known as capillarity, is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity. This occurs due to the combined effects of adhesion and cohesion. Adhesion is the attraction between the liquid molecules and the molecules of the surface it is in contact with, while cohesion is the attraction between the liquid molecules themselves.

When a narrow tube, known as a capillary tube, is placed in a liquid, adhesion between the liquid and the tube walls can cause the liquid to rise or fall. If the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces, the liquid will "wet" the surface and climb up the tube, exceeding the level of the bulk liquid. Conversely, if cohesive forces are dominant, the liquid may be depressed in the tube. The extent of this rise or fall is inversely proportional to the diameter of the tube; the narrower the tube, the greater the effect.

Many natural and technological processes are kapillaritásalapú. Examples include the movement of water from the soil into the roots of plants, the wicking action of paper towels, the operation of ink pens, and the functioning of certain types of filters. In scientific instruments, capillary action is utilized in devices like capillary electrophoresis and in the measurement of surface tension. The principle is fundamental to understanding fluid behavior in porous media and confined spaces.