KalziumphosphatMineralisation

Kalziumphosphat, commonly known as calcium phosphate, designates a family of inorganic compounds containing calcium ions and phosphate groups. The most important members are hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2, and dicalcium phosphate CaHPO4. The dicalcium phosphate class includes dihydrate form (brushite, CaHPO4·2H2O) and anhydrous form (monetite, CaHPO4).

These compounds occur naturally in minerals of the apatite group and are the principal inorganic components of bone mineral and dental enamel in vertebrates, with hydroxyapatite playing a key role in structural rigidity and mineral exchange. Calcium phosphate salts vary in solubility and reactivity, and their properties depend on the specific phase and hydration state.

Calcium phosphate has broad applications in health and industry. In medicine and dentistry, it is used as bone graft material, a coating for implants, and a remineralization agent for teeth due to its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. It also serves as a source of calcium and phosphorus in fertilizers and animal feeds. In addition, some calcium phosphate salts are used as food additives and anticaking agents in the feed and food industries.

Solubility and bioactivity are influenced by pH and the specific compound. Under acidic conditions, dissolution increases, releasing calcium and phosphate ions that participate in mineralization processes. In neutral to basic environments, many forms are relatively insoluble, contributing to their stability in composites and implants. Calcium phosphate remains a widely studied material in biomaterials and inorganic chemistry.

See also: apatite, bone mineral, hydroxyapatite.