Kalpealtaian
Kalpealtaian refers to a proposed Bronze Age archaeological culture and its associated linguistic group, named for the Kalpealta River valley where key material remains have been found. The concept is used by scholars to discuss a set of connected communities in the northern steppes and adjacent foothills during the late 2nd to early 1st millennium BCE.
Geography and dating: Most evidence comes from district sites along the Kalpealta River and nearby uplands.
Material culture: The material record includes geometric-banded pottery, small figurines, and metal objects of copper and
Economy and society: The economy appears to have been a mix of farming and pastoralism, with trade
Language: The linguistic affiliation of Kalpealtaian is unknown; some scholars propose an isolated language or a
Scholarly status: Kalpealtaian remains a contested concept within archaeology. Some researchers use it as a convenient
Modern relevance: Sites attributed to Kalpealtaian are studied to understand regional interactions, migration, and technology diffusion