Kaliumsulfater

Kaliumsulfater, also known as potassium sulfate, is a white crystalline ionic compound with the formula K2SO4. It is a source of two essential plant nutrients, potassium and sulfur, and is widely used in agriculture. In nature it occurs as the mineral arcanite, but most commercial supply is produced synthetically or recovered from potash processes.

Physical properties include a high melting point of about 1069 °C and a density around 3.98 g/cm3. It is non-hygroscopic and relatively stable under normal conditions. The compound is soluble in water, with solubility around 12 g per 100 g of water at room temperature, increasing as the temperature rises.

Production and occurrence: Industrial potassium sulfate is commonly produced by reacting potassium chloride (KCl) with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to yield K2SO4 and hydrochloric acid, followed by purification and crystallization. It can also be obtained from potash processing as a by-product or through alternative chemical routes that preserve chloride-free potassium supplies for sensitive applications.

Uses: The principal use of Kaliumsulfater is as a fertilizer, offering potassium and sulfur without introducing chlorides, which can be detrimental to certain crops. It is favored for chloride-sensitive crops such as fruits, vegetables, and some specialty plants. Beyond agriculture, potassium sulfate serves as a flux in glass and ceramic production and is used in select chemical processes that require a chloride-free potassium source.

Safety: Potassium sulfate is considered of low toxicity but can cause irritation to eyes or skin and may irritate the respiratory tract if dust is inhaled. Standard handling precautions apply: avoid generating dust, use eye and skin protection, and store in a dry, well-ventilated area.