Kalenjin

The Kalenjin are an ethnolinguistic group in East Africa, primarily located in the Rift Valley region of Kenya, with smaller populations in Uganda. The term is used to describe a cluster of related Nilotic-speaking communities that share linguistic and cultural ties. The main subgroups typically included under the Kalenjin umbrella are Nandi, Kipsigis, Keiyo (Elgeiyo), Marakwet, Tugen, Cherang’oi, and Sabaot, though classifications vary and other communities are sometimes linked to the group.

Language and identity: Kalenjin languages belong to the Southern Nilotic branch of the Nilotic language family. Each subgroup has its own distinct tongue, such as Nandi, Kipsigis, and Keiyo, which are related and exhibit varying degrees of mutual intelligibility. The languages are commonly spoken alongside Kiswahili and English in Kenya.

Geography and demographics: In Kenya, Kalenjin communities are concentrated in counties such as Nandi, Uasin Gishu, Elgeiyo-Marakwet, Kericho, Bomet, and parts of Trans-Nzoia. Smaller populations live in adjacent areas and in Uganda. The Kalenjin are one of the larger ethnic groups in Kenya and have a significant influence in regional culture and politics.

History and society: Traditional Kalenjin society emphasized kinship and, in many groups, age-sets as a form of social organization. Since the colonial era and the country’s independence, Kalenjin communities have participated actively in national politics, education, and economic development, while also maintaining diverse religious practices.

Culture and economy: The economy has historically blended pastoralism with agriculture. In recent decades, education and participation in national institutions have grown. The Kalenjin are widely recognized for producing many world-class long-distance runners, contributing prominently to Kenya’s sporting reputation.

Notable people: Kipchoge Keino, Eliud Kipchoge, Paul Tergat.