Kaksikäyttöinen

Kaksikäyttöinen is a Finnish term that translates to "dual-use" in English. It refers to items, technologies, or knowledge that can be used for both civilian and military purposes. This concept is significant in international relations, trade, and security because it presents a challenge in controlling the proliferation of potentially harmful technologies.

Dual-use items range from seemingly innocuous materials like fertilizers, which can be used in agriculture but also in explosives, to advanced technologies such as nuclear materials, sophisticated computing, and certain types of chemical compounds. The classification of an item as dual-use means that its export and transfer are often subject to strict regulations and international agreements. Organizations like the Wassenaar Arrangement aim to prevent the misuse of such items by providing a framework for member states to coordinate their export control policies.

The challenge lies in distinguishing between legitimate civilian applications and potential military exploitation. Blanket restrictions on dual-use items could stifle economic development and scientific advancement. Conversely, insufficient controls could inadvertently facilitate the development of weapons by states or non-state actors. Therefore, effective dual-use controls require careful consideration of specific technologies, end-user declarations, and robust monitoring mechanisms. The ongoing debate and development of policies surrounding dual-use items reflect the complex balance between security concerns and global trade.