Kaksikoodaus

Kaksikoodaus, often translated as "double coding" or "dual coding," is a cognitive theory proposed by Allan Paivio. It suggests that information is processed and represented in memory through two distinct but interconnected systems: a verbal system and a nonverbal, or imagistic, system. The verbal system deals with language, words, and abstract concepts, while the imagistic system handles sensory information, images, and concrete experiences.

According to the theory, learning and memory are enhanced when information is encoded in both systems. For instance, learning the word "dog" involves both the linguistic representation of the word itself (verbal system) and the mental image of a dog (imagistic system). This dual encoding creates stronger and more interconnected memory traces, making the information easier to recall and understand.

The theory posits that concrete, imagery-evoking words are more easily dual coded than abstract words. For example, "tree" can evoke a strong visual image, whereas "justice" is more abstract and primarily processed verbally. The interplay between these two systems is thought to be crucial for effective learning and problem-solving. Research supporting dual coding theory often involves comparing memory performance for different types of stimuli and examining brain activity associated with verbal and visual processing. It has implications for various fields, including education, psychology, and communication, suggesting that instructional materials that incorporate both text and visuals are likely to be more effective.