Kaksikomplementaarsena

Kaksikomplementaarsena refers to the representation of signed integers in computer systems. It is the most common method for encoding negative numbers in binary form. The name "two's complement" comes from the fact that a negative number is obtained by taking its positive counterpart, inverting all the bits (ones to zeros and zeros to ones), and then adding one to the result.

This system has several advantages. Firstly, it simplifies arithmetic operations. Addition and subtraction can be performed in the same way for both positive and negative numbers, without needing separate circuits for each. Secondly, it allows for a natural representation of zero. In two's complement, zero is represented by all bits being zero, regardless of whether it's considered positive or negative.

The range of numbers that can be represented in two's complement depends on the number of bits used. For example, with n bits, the range is from -2^(n-1) to 2^(n-1) - 1. The most significant bit (the leftmost bit) acts as the sign bit, with a 0 indicating a positive number or zero, and a 1 indicating a negative number. This makes it straightforward to determine the sign of a number.

The adoption of two's complement across most modern computing architectures has been a key factor in the efficiency and simplicity of digital hardware design and software implementation.