Kakelbildning

Kakelbildning, literally "tile formation," is a term used to describe a mosaic- or tessellation-like pattern that appears on a surface as a result of crystallization, deposition or weathering processes, or as a feature in ceramic glazes and coatings. The expression is mainly used in Swedish-language texts and can have context-dependent nuances, but it generally refers to a regular or semi-regular tiling of small patches that resemble ceramic tiles.

In geology and mineralogy, kakelbildning can describe a polygonal, tile-like texture on rocks or mineral surfaces. This texture may arise from differential weathering, the growth of thin mineral films that crack and peel into small plates, or the crystallization of salts on a surface. The resulting pattern is typically visible as a network of small, roughly polygonal patches.

In architectural conservation and ceramics, kakelbildning is associated with surface phenomena on tiles, bricks, plaster, or glazed ceramic objects. Moisture transport, dissolved salts, and temperature fluctuations can drive evaporation and crystallization, producing a mosaic of light and dark patches or the appearance of tile-like segments. Glaze crystallization or phase separation in ceramics can also generate tile-like segmentation.

Causes and conditions include moisture availability, salt composition, substrate texture, and environmental exposure. The size and regularity of the tiles can vary from millimeters to centimeters and may change over time with weathering or cleaning.

Applications of the concept include material characterization, quality control in ceramic production, and assessment of deterioration in built heritage and natural stone. Understanding kakelbildning helps distinguish natural or process-driven surface patterns from intentional mosaics and informs appropriate conservation or maintenance strategies.