Kaivoa

Kaivoa is a term that refers to a traditional Finnish method of well construction. The primary characteristic of a kaivoa is its construction using natural materials, often large stones, to create a sturdy and durable structure. These wells are typically dug by hand, with careful consideration given to the local geology and the availability of suitable stones.

The construction process involves excavating a pit to reach groundwater. As the excavation deepens, stones are meticulously placed to form the circular or rectangular walls of the well. The stones are chosen for their size, shape, and stability to ensure the structure can withstand the pressure of the surrounding earth and water. Moss or clay might be used between stones to create a seal and prevent contamination.

Kaivoa wells are valued for their longevity and their ability to provide clean drinking water for generations. The natural materials used are environmentally friendly and blend harmoniously with the landscape. While modern well-drilling techniques are more common today, the kaivoa represents a significant aspect of Finnish rural heritage and engineering ingenuity. Examples of kaivoa can still be found in older Finnish villages and countryside.