Kaiso

Kaiso is a traditional Caribbean musical form, most closely associated with Trinidad and Tobago, that originated in the Afro-Trinidadian community in the late 19th to early 20th century. The term kaiso refers both to the music and the performers who create and present it. It developed from a mix of African oral and musical traditions and local Caribbean practices, and it is recognized as an important precursor to calypso.

Musically, kaiso features a lead vocalist, historically known as a chantwell, who performs with a chorus or backing group. Performances emphasize call-and-response singing, improvisation, and often satirical or topical lyrics that comment on politics, social issues, and daily life. Traditional percussion such as tamboo bamboo supported the singers in early executions, with later ensembles incorporating more varied instruments and rhythms. The improvisational nature of kaiso allowed songs to adapt quickly to current events and audiences.

Over time, kaiso contributed to the development of calypso as a broader genre. Many performers who began in kaiso became prominent calypsonians, helping to bring Caribbean stories and humor to national and international audiences. In the mid-20th century, calypso and its offshoots also interacted with other Caribbean styles and global music trends, aiding the spread of the music beyond its home islands.

Today, kaiso is viewed as an early, folk-rooted strand of the calypso tradition. It remains an element of Carnival culture in Trinidad and Tobago and is recognized for its role in shaping Caribbean music, social commentary, and performance practice.