Kahetihulised

Kahetihulised is the Estonian term for Diptera, an order of insects comprising flies, mosquitoes, gnats, and midges. This diverse group is characterized by having only one pair of functional wings, with the hind wings reduced to small, club-like structures called halteres. These halteres are essential for balance during flight.

Diptera is one of the largest orders of insects, with over 150,000 described species worldwide. They are found in virtually every terrestrial and freshwater habitat. The life cycle of kahetihulised typically involves complete metamorphosis, with distinct egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Larvae, often referred to as maggots, vary greatly in their habitat and feeding habits, ranging from detritivores to predators.

Adult kahetihulised exhibit a wide array of feeding strategies. Many species are nectar feeders, while others are blood-feeders (hematophagous), acting as vectors for diseases such as malaria, West Nile virus, and dengue fever. Some are important pollinators, and others play a crucial role in decomposition by consuming dead organic matter. The mouthparts of adult flies are highly adapted for their specific diets, often featuring sponging or piercing-sucking mechanisms. Their ecological impact is significant, influencing ecosystems through predation, pollination, disease transmission, and nutrient cycling.