KRT2

KRT2 refers to the gene that encodes keratin 2, a type II intermediate filament protein expressed in epithelial cells. In humans, KRT2 is found in stratified squamous epithelia, with expression highest in the more differentiated, suprabasal layers of the epidermis. As a type II keratin, keratin 2 typically forms heterodimers with a type I keratin partner and assembles into intermediate filaments that contribute to the mechanical resilience and structural integrity of keratinocytes.

The Keratin 2 protein has the characteristic keratin structure, including a central rod domain flanked by non‑helical head and tail regions. Its function is to participate in the formation of an extensive cytoskeletal network that distributes and withstands mechanical stresses in the epidermis. Expression of KRT2 is coordinated with keratinocyte differentiation and is influenced by signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate epidermal maturation.

Genetic variants in KRT2 have been described in connection with rare skin disorders associated with abnormal keratinization and skin fragility. The clinical presentation can vary, reflecting differences in the specific mutation and its effects on filament assembly and epidermal integrity. Research into KRT2 also contributes to understanding keratinocyte biology, epithelial differentiation, and how keratin networks support tissue architecture.

Overall, KRT2 is a conserved component of the keratinocyte cytoskeleton, playing a foundational role in maintaining epidermal structure through filament formation and interaction with other keratins.