Kältemittels

Kältemittels, also known as refrigerants, are substances used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems to absorb and release heat. They undergo phase changes, typically from liquid to gas and back again, to facilitate the cooling process. Common types of refrigerants include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and natural refrigerants like ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons.

The selection of a refrigerant depends on various factors, including the desired temperature range, system design, safety considerations, and environmental impact. Historically, CFCs were widely used but were phased out due to their ozone-depleting properties. HCFCs, while less harmful, are also being phased down. HFCs have largely replaced them but are potent greenhouse gases, leading to ongoing efforts to transition to refrigerants with lower global warming potential (GWP).

Natural refrigerants are gaining popularity due to their low environmental impact. Ammonia is efficient but toxic and flammable. Carbon dioxide is non-flammable and has a low GWP but operates at high pressures. Hydrocarbons like propane are highly efficient and have zero GWP but are flammable. The industry continues to research and develop new refrigerants and improve existing ones to balance performance, safety, and environmental sustainability. Proper handling, maintenance, and disposal of refrigerants are crucial to prevent environmental damage and ensure system efficiency.