Jännitteenlaskumuuntaja

A jännitteenlaskumuuntaja, which translates to a step-down transformer in English, is an electrical device used to reduce voltage. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Typically, it consists of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary windings, wound around a common iron core. The primary winding is connected to the higher voltage source, while the secondary winding is connected to the load where a lower voltage is required.

The ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding determines the voltage transformation. In a step-down transformer, the secondary winding has fewer turns than the primary winding. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it creates a changing magnetic field in the iron core. This changing magnetic field then induces an alternating voltage in the secondary winding. Because there are fewer turns in the secondary, the induced voltage is proportionally lower than the voltage applied to the primary.

Jännitteenlaskumuuntaja are essential components in many electrical systems. They are commonly found in power distribution networks to reduce high transmission voltages to safer and more usable levels for homes and businesses. They are also used in electronic devices, such as power adapters for laptops and mobile phones, to convert mains voltage to the lower voltages required by these devices. The core of the transformer is usually made of laminated iron to minimize energy losses due to eddy currents.