Jumua

Jumu'ah, also transliterated Jumu’ah or Jumma, refers to the weekly Friday congregational prayer observed by Muslims. The term derives from Arabic jum’ah meaning “gathering” or “congregation.” It marks a weekly communal ritual that, in many communities, replaces the regular Dhuhr prayer on Fridays.

Practice and structure: Jumu’ah prayers are held in mosques or designated prayer halls, typically near noon after the sun has passed its zenith. A central feature is the khutbah, two sermons delivered in Arabic by an imam or qualified speaker, sometimes followed by the congregational prayer of two rak’ahs.

Rulings and participation: Attending Jumu’ah is considered obligatory for adult, resident Muslim men who are able to attend; women may attend but it is not universally required, and exemptions exist for travelers, the sick, young children, and others with valid reasons. Local practice and scholarly interpretation vary on exact obligations and exemptions.

Content and language: Sermons typically include praise of God, brief Qur’anic readings or hadith, and guidance for daily life, with the second sermon often focusing on practical advice. The exact language and topics can vary by tradition and local practice.

Variations: The format and timing of Jumu’ah vary by region and tradition. Some communities hold a single khutbah, others two; prayers may be delivered in Arabic, the local language, or both. Jumu’ah remains a central weekly act of communal worship, reflection, and social solidarity.