JudeanRoman

JudeanRoman refers to the historical region of Judea during the period of Roman rule, spanning from 63 BCE to 135 CE. This era encompasses the late Hellenistic and early Roman periods, marked by significant political, cultural, and religious developments in the area corresponding to modern-day Israel, the West Bank, and parts of Jordan.

The Roman conquest of Judea began with the defeat of the Hasmonean Kingdom by Pompey in 63 BCE, leading to the establishment of Roman client kingdoms under Herod the Great. Herod, a client king of the Romans, ruled Judea from 37 to 4 BCE and is renowned for his architectural projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. After Herod’s death, Judea was divided among his sons, but internal conflicts and Roman interference led to direct Roman administration under a prefect or procurator, such as Pontius Pilate, who governed from 26 to 36 CE.

The region became a focal point of tension during the First Jewish-Roman War (66–73 CE), culminating in the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE and the siege of Masada in 73 CE. Following the war, Judea was renamed *Syria Palaestina* by Emperor Hadrian, and Jewish religious practices were restricted. The Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) marked the final major Jewish uprising against Roman rule, resulting in widespread devastation and the permanent suppression of Jewish independence in the region.

Culturally, Judea during this period was a melting pot of Jewish, Hellenistic, and Roman influences. The New Testament, written in this era, reflects the religious and political climate, particularly the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who was executed under Roman authority. Archaeological findings, such as those from Herodian palaces and Roman forts, provide insights into the region’s infrastructure and daily life under Roman governance. The legacy of JudeanRoman rule continues to shape the historical and religious identity of the region today.