Jordanian

Jordanian refers to something of, from, or related to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, a sovereign state in the Middle East with Amman as its capital. The term is used for people who hold Jordanian citizenship and for cultural, linguistic, and geographic attributes associated with the country. The Arabic term is al-urduni for a male and al-urduniya for a female; in English, the demonym is Jordanian.

Geography and people: Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Israel, and the Palestinian territories, with a small outlet to the Red Sea (via Aqaba). The population is ethnically diverse, with a majority of Arab descent, including many descendants of Palestinians who became citizens after 1948 and 1967 conflicts; minority communities include Circassians and Armenians. The official language is Modern Standard Arabic; Jordanian Arabic dialects are commonly spoken; English is widely used in business and higher education.

History and government: The modern state emerged under the British Mandate and gained independence in 1946 as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, later renamed the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It fought wars and signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994. The country is a constitutional monarchy under the Hashemite lineage, with a parliamentary system and an active role in regional affairs.

Culture and economy: Jordanian society emphasizes hospitality, family, and religion, with Islam as the predominant faith and Christian minorities. Traditional cuisine features mansaf, a lamb and rice dish. The economy relies on services, tourism, and minerals, facing constraints from scarce water resources and dependence on external aid and remittances.