Johtumishäiriöihin

Johtumishäiriöihin, or conduction disorders, refer to problems with the electrical signaling within the heart that affects its rhythm. These disorders arise when the electrical impulses that tell the heart to beat are blocked or slowed down, or when they follow an abnormal path. This disruption can lead to a heart rate that is too slow, too fast, or irregular.

The electrical system of the heart is a complex network responsible for coordinating the contraction of the heart chambers. Typically, an electrical impulse originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's natural pacemaker, and travels through the atria, then to the atrioventricular (AV) node, and finally down through the ventricles. Any interruption or abnormality in this pathway can cause a conduction disorder.

Symptoms of johtumishäiriöihin can vary widely depending on the severity and type of disorder. Some individuals may experience no symptoms at all, while others might have dizziness, fainting (syncope), shortness of breath, chest pain, or palpitations. In more severe cases, these disorders can lead to heart failure or sudden cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis often involves an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which records the electrical activity of the heart. Holter monitors, which are portable ECG devices worn for an extended period, or event recorders may also be used to capture intermittent arrhythmias. Echocardiograms and other imaging tests might be employed to assess the heart's structure and function.

Treatment for johtumishäiriöihin depends on the specific diagnosis, the patient's symptoms, and the underlying cause. Options can range from medication to manage heart rate and rhythm, to lifestyle modifications. In some instances, implantation of a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may be necessary to regulate the heart's electrical activity and prevent dangerous arrhythmias.