Jodivalistusta

Jodivalistusta refers to the practice of iodine fortification of food products, primarily salt, to prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Iodine is an essential nutrient that the human body needs for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. When iodine intake is insufficient, the thyroid gland can enlarge, leading to goiter, and in severe cases, can cause irreversible cognitive impairment, particularly in children.

The concept of iodized salt arose from the understanding that salt is a widely consumed commodity, making it an effective vehicle for delivering iodine to large populations. This public health intervention aims to ensure that individuals receive adequate iodine intake through their regular diet. Countries worldwide have implemented mandatory or voluntary iodization programs for salt, significantly reducing the prevalence of IDDs.

The concentration of iodine added to salt is carefully controlled to ensure safety and efficacy, typically measured in parts per million (ppm). While salt is the most common carrier, other food products like flour, bread, and water have also been used for iodine fortification in specific contexts. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial components of iodization programs to ensure consistent iodine levels in fortified foods and to assess their impact on public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF are among the international organizations that support and promote iodine deficiency prevention through food fortification.