Javateknologier

Javateknologier is a collective term for the technologies, standards, and tools built around the Java platform. The core runtime is the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which executes bytecode compiled from Java source. The Java Platform is divided into several editions: Java SE (Standard Edition) provides the core language and APIs; Java EE, now Jakarta EE, offers specifications for enterprise web and backend applications; Java ME targeted mobile and embedded devices; in addition, JavaFX and Swing provide user interface technology.

Development and distribution rely on the JDK (development kit) and JRE (runtime). OpenJDK is the open-source reference implementation, while Oracle JDK is a long-standing distribution with commercial features. Java packages use JAR, WAR, or EAR archives; since Java 9, a modular system (JPMS) supports modular development.

Key APIs and ecosystems include JDBC for database access, Servlets and JSP for web components, JPA for ORM, JMS for messaging, and CDI for dependency injection. Popular frameworks and platforms consist of the Spring family, Hibernate, Apache Struts, and Jakarta EE components. Build and dependency tools such as Maven and Gradle are common, alongside IDEs like IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, and NetBeans.

Android development uses a Java-derived language and libraries and runs on the Android Runtime, with Kotlin gaining prominence as an alternative. Java technologies are widely used in enterprise, financial, and large-scale systems, cloud-native services, and embedded devices.

Current trends include ongoing evolution of Jakarta EE and MicroProfile for cloud-native enterprise applications, performance and memory improvements in newer Java releases, and increasingly polyglot runtimes such as GraalVM.