Jarðhitasorka

Jarðhitasorka, often translated as geothermal energy, is a renewable energy source derived from the heat within the Earth. This internal heat is a result of the planet's formation and the radioactive decay of minerals. Geothermal energy can be accessed in various ways, depending on the geological conditions of a location. In areas with high geothermal activity, hot water and steam can be directly extracted from underground reservoirs through wells. This steam can then be used to drive turbines connected to generators, producing electricity.

In regions with less intense geothermal activity, different technologies are employed. Geothermal heat pumps, for instance, utilize the stable temperature of the shallow ground to provide heating and cooling for buildings. These systems circulate a fluid through underground pipes, transferring heat between the earth and the building. Geothermal energy offers a consistent power supply, unlike solar or wind power, as the Earth's heat is always available. However, its widespread application is geographically limited to areas with accessible geothermal resources. Environmental considerations include potential emissions of greenhouse gases trapped underground and the management of wastewater.