Istiwa

Istiwa is an Arabic word that translates to "establishment," "settling," or "rising above" in English. It is a term with significant religious and linguistic meaning, particularly within Islam. In a theological context, istiwa is often used to describe God's establishment over the Throne. This concept is mentioned in the Quran, for example, in Surah Taha (20:5), which states, "The Most Merciful established Himself above the Throne." The interpretation of this verse has been a subject of theological discussion among Islamic scholars for centuries.

Different schools of thought have approached the meaning of istiwa in relation to God. Some interpret it literally, believing it refers to a physical establishment in a manner befitting God's majesty, without attempting to understand the 'how.' Others view it allegorically, suggesting it signifies God's omnipotence and control over creation. A common approach is to affirm the statement without delving into its specifics, asserting that God knows best how He established Himself.

Linguistically, the root of the word, "sawā," relates to flatness, evenness, or being level. This can inform the understanding of istiwa as a state of being in complete command or having attained a supreme position. The word also appears in other contexts in Arabic, referring to the setting of the sun or the precise measurement of something. Its religious significance, however, remains its most prominent usage.