Isopentane

Isopentane, also known as 2-methylbutane, is a branched five-carbon alkane and one of the isomers of pentane (C5H12). Its structure contains a four-carbon chain with a methyl group attached to the second carbon, giving a branched arrangement. It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid at room temperature with a boiling point of about 27.7°C and a melting point well below ambient conditions. It is relatively insoluble in water and has a low density, reflecting its nonpolar hydrocarbon nature.

Occurrence and production typically involve petroleum refining and the processing of natural gas liquids. Isopentane is found in small amounts in crude oil and various refinery streams, from which it can be separated by distillation and other separation techniques. It is economically produced as part of the pentane fraction during the refining of fossil fuels.

Applications include use as a nonpolar solvent for various organic compounds and as a processing aid. In industry, isopentane is especially valued as a low-boiling blowing agent for polystyrene and polyurethane foams, where its vaporization drives foam formation. It also serves as a specialty solvent in some laboratory and manufacturing contexts.

Safety and handling: isopentane is highly flammable, and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It should be stored away from heat sources and ignition sources in well-ventilated areas, in appropriate containers, and with hazard controls to minimize vapor buildup. It is immiscible with water and should be handled with standard hydrocarbon precautions.