Isolatsioonimaterjali

Isolatsioonimaterjali, often translated as insulation material, refers to substances used to reduce the transfer of heat, sound, or electricity. In the context of construction, thermal insulation materials are primarily employed to minimize heat loss or gain in buildings, thereby improving energy efficiency and comfort. These materials work by trapping air or creating a barrier that impedes the flow of thermal energy. Common types include mineral wool, such as rock wool and glass wool, which are made from molten rock or glass spun into fibers. Foams, like polyurethane foam (PU) and expanded polystyrene (EPS), are also widely used, offering excellent thermal resistance with relatively thin profiles. Natural materials like cork and sheep's wool are also gaining popularity due to their sustainability.

The selection of an appropriate insulation material depends on various factors, including the desired thermal performance (measured by R-value or U-value), fire resistance, moisture resistance, cost, and environmental impact. Sound insulation materials, on the other hand, are designed to absorb or block sound waves. Dense materials and those with a fibrous structure are generally effective at reducing sound transmission. Electrical insulation materials are crucial for safety in electrical systems, preventing the unintended flow of current. They are typically non-conductive materials like rubber, plastic, and ceramic. The term isolatsioonimaterjali encompasses this broad range of materials used for controlling various forms of energy transfer in diverse applications.