Isobutaane

Isobutane, also known as 2-methylpropane, is a branched-chain alkane with the chemical formula C4H10. It is an isomer of n-butane. At standard temperature and pressure, isobutane is a colorless gas with a faint natural gas odor. It is highly flammable and is denser than air.

Isobutane is primarily produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil and natural gas processing. It is also a byproduct of petroleum refining processes such as catalytic cracking and isomerization. The primary uses of isobutane are as a component in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), as a propellant in aerosol cans, and as a refrigerant. It is also used as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry for the production of isobutylene, which is then used to make synthetic rubber and other chemicals.

In refrigeration, isobutane (often blended with propane and n-butane as R-600a) is valued for its low global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to older refrigerants. However, its flammability requires careful handling and system design. Isobutane is also used as a fuel, either on its own or blended with other hydrocarbons, and finds application in camping stoves and portable heaters. Its chemical properties make it a versatile compound with widespread industrial and commercial applications.