Ischaemiában

Ischaemia is a medical term that describes a restriction in blood supply to any organ or part of the body. This restriction causes a shortage of oxygen and nutrients that the affected tissue needs to stay alive. Ischaemia can affect any part of the body, but it is most commonly associated with the heart, brain, and limbs.

The most common cause of ischaemia is atherosclerosis, a condition in which plaque builds up inside the arteries. This plaque can narrow the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If the plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can completely block the artery and cut off blood flow.

Ischaemia can also be caused by other factors, such as blood clots that travel from elsewhere in the body, vasospasm (a sudden tightening of the blood vessels), or compression of blood vessels from outside the body.

The symptoms of ischaemia depend on the part of the body that is affected. For example, ischaemia of the heart can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and a heart attack. Ischaemia of the brain can cause a stroke, with symptoms such as weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking, and vision problems. Ischaemia of the limbs can cause pain, cramping, and numbness.

Treatment for ischaemia depends on the cause and severity of the condition. It may include medications to improve blood flow, surgery to unblock arteries, or lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors. Prompt medical attention is important to prevent serious complications.