Interleukin13

Interleukin-13, often abbreviated as IL-13, is a cytokine that plays a significant role in the immune system, particularly in allergic inflammation and parasitic infections. It is a secreted protein produced by various immune cells, including T helper 2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. IL-13 shares many functional similarities with another cytokine, interleukin-4 (IL-4), as they often work together and can bind to common receptor subunits.

The primary functions of IL-13 involve modulating the activity of other cells. It promotes B cell class switching to IgE, a key antibody involved in allergic responses. IL-13 also stimulates the production of mucus by goblet cells in the airways, contributes to smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness, and plays a role in tissue remodeling. In the context of parasitic infections, IL-13 contributes to the expulsion of helminths by inducing changes in the intestinal epithelium and smooth muscle.

Dysregulation of IL-13 signaling is implicated in several allergic diseases, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. Elevated levels of IL-13 are frequently observed in the affected tissues of individuals with these conditions. Consequently, IL-13 has become a therapeutic target for treating allergic inflammatory disorders, with several drugs designed to block IL-13 signaling currently in development or use. Understanding IL-13's multifaceted roles is crucial for developing effective strategies against allergic and parasitic diseases.