Interferograms

An interferogram is a visual representation of the interference pattern created when two or more waves overlap. Typically, interferograms are generated in optics and interferometry. When waves, such as light waves, combine, their amplitudes can either add up (constructive interference) or cancel each other out (destructive interference). This variation in intensity creates a pattern of bright and dark fringes.

The spacing and shape of these fringes contain valuable information about the path differences between the interfering waves. By analyzing the interferogram, scientists can deduce properties of the objects or phenomena that caused these path differences. This is the fundamental principle behind interferometry, a technique used in various scientific and engineering fields. For example, in optical testing, interferograms are used to measure the surface accuracy of mirrors and lenses. In remote sensing, radar interferometry (InSAR) uses interferograms of radar signals to map ground deformation, such as that caused by earthquakes or volcanic activity, and to measure elevation changes. The interpretation of an interferogram often involves mathematical analysis to extract precise quantitative data.