Inhalált

Inhalált, or inhalation, refers to the process of drawing air, gases, or aerosols into the lungs. It is a fundamental part of respiration and can occur naturally during breathing or be intentional for therapeutic, anesthetic, or recreational purposes. The term encompasses inhaling ambient air, medicinal aerosols, anesthetic gases, and other substances.

Physiologically, inhalation involves both the upper airways (nose or mouth, pharynx) and the lower airways (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles) delivering gases to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Breathing is driven by pressure differences created by the diaphragm and chest muscles; airway resistance and lung compliance influence the amount of air taken in with each breath.

In medicine, inhalation therapy delivers drugs directly to the lungs through inhalers, nebulizers, or humidification devices. Common inhaled medications include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and anticholinergics used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inhalation anesthesia employs volatile agents or gases to render a patient unconscious during surgery. Oxygen therapy may also be administered by inhalation to improve tissue oxygenation.

Recreational and occupational contexts carry additional risks. Some inhalants, such as volatile solvents or nitrous oxide, can be abused and pose serious health hazards including brain and heart injury, addiction, or sudden death. Occupational exposure to fumes and smoke can cause acute or chronic respiratory problems, highlighting the importance of ventilation and protective equipment.

First aid for inhalation-related incidents involves moving the person to fresh air, calling emergency services if symptoms are severe, and monitoring breathing while seeking medical evaluation.