Inflamaatsiooni

Inflamaatsiooni, also known as inflammation, is a fundamental biological response of the body's immune system to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective mechanism designed to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged as a result of the original insult and the preceding acute response, and to initiate the process of tissue repair.

The process of inflammation is characterized by several classic signs: redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa). These symptoms arise from complex physiological events, including increased blood flow to the affected area, enhanced permeability of blood vessels, and the migration of leukocytes (white blood cells) from the bloodstream to the site of injury. Leukocytes play a crucial role in engulfing and destroying foreign invaders or damaged cellular debris through a process called phagocytosis.

Inflammation can be broadly categorized into acute and chronic forms. Acute inflammation is a rapid and short-lived response, typically resolving within minutes to days. It is essential for immediate defense against infection and injury. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, is a prolonged and persistent inflammatory response that can last for weeks, months, or even years. This can occur when the body is unable to eliminate the inciting stimulus, leading to ongoing tissue damage and potentially contributing to a range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation is crucial for developing effective treatments for various inflammatory conditions.