InertGas

Inertgas, or inert gas, refers to a gas that does not readily react with other substances under ordinary conditions. The term is most often applied to the noble gases—helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon—and, in industrial contexts, to nitrogen as well. Inert gases are typically colorless, odorless, and nonflammable. Their low chemical reactivity arises from filled outer electron shells, which makes them suitable for creating non‑reactive, or inert, environments.

Most inert gases are obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air and are supplied as compressed gas cylinders or as cryogenic liquids. Because they can readily displace oxygen and moisture, they are used to blanket reactive processes, protect sensitive materials from oxidation, and maintain inert atmospheres in laboratories and manufacturing.

Common applications include shielding gas for welding (argon, sometimes with helium or carbon dioxide), inert atmospheres for semiconductor manufacturing, sample and product packaging (nitrogen is widely used), and lighting and signage (neon, argon, krypton, and xenon in lamps).

Safety notes: inert gases can pose asphyxiation risks in enclosed spaces because they can displace oxygen. Some inert gases, such as radon, are radioactive; cryogenic handling of helium and nitrogen requires special precautions to avoid cold burns and explosion hazards. Adequate ventilation and detectors are recommended in workplaces using inert gases.