Incluía

Incluía is a form of the Spanish verb incluir in the pretérito imperfecto de indicativo. It is used to describe ongoing or habitual actions in the past, or to indicate what something contained or involved at a non-specific time in the past. The form can correspond to yo incluía or él/ella/usted incluía, among others, depending on the subject. This imperfect tense conveys nuance of duration or repeated occurrence, in contrast with the preterite which situates actions at a definite moment.

Etymology and meaning of incluir: the verb comes from the Latin includere, formed by the prefix in- (into) and the root cludere (to close). Over time, incluir acquired the sense of putting something inside, encompassing, or counting it as part of a group or set. The imperfect form incluía thus serves to describe what was included in the past.

Conjugation and usage notes: in the imperfect, incluir follows regular -er/-ir verb endings, producing in this case incluía, incluías, incluía, incluíamos, incluíais, incluían. This makes it relatively predictable for learners compared with some other tenses of -uir verbs. Common examples: “La lista incluía varios archivos” and “El informe incluía datos de los últimos años.” The participle is incluido, and the present participle is incluyendo.

See also: incluir, imperfeito de indicativo, conjugación verbal, verbos -uir.