Incluyendo

Incluyendo is the gerund form of the Spanish verb incluir, meaning “including.” It functions as a non-finite form used to express that something is part of a larger set, to add elements to a list, or to qualify a phrase with the sense of inclusion. It often appears in noun phrases or clauses where the speaker wants to indicate that additional items are present.

Etymology and form: Incluir comes from Latin includere (to enclose). In Spanish, the gerund for verbs ending in -uir inserts a -y- before the -endo, giving includ-uyendo or, more specifically, incluyendo. This pattern is shared with other -uir verbs such as construir -> construyendo and excluir -> excluyendo. The form including is thus a characteristic example of the -uir gerund in Spanish.

Usage and grammar: Incluyendo is commonly used to extend information or to list items. It can modify a noun phrase or the entire clause. Examples include: “El precio, incluyendo impuestos, es de 50 euros” (The price, including taxes, is 50 euros); “La lista, incluyendo a Marta, ya está completa” (The list, including Marta, is complete). It may appear in progressive tenses as in “Estoy incluyendo a todos en la lista” (I am including everyone on the list). When referring to people, the preposition “a” is used with animate objects (incluyendo a Juan).

Notes: Though widely understood, some writers prefer avoiding gerund constructions in formal prose and may rephrase with a relative clause or a past participle (incluido). Incluyendo is specific to verbs of the -uir group and reflects standard Spanish usage across dialects. Related topics include incluir, gerundio, and -uir verbs.

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