Incapaz

Incapaz is a Spanish adjective that means unable or incapable. It describes a person or thing that lacks the ability, capacity, or suitability to perform a task or meet a requirement. The term can refer to physical, mental, emotional, or moral limitations, depending on the context.

Etymology and form: incapaz derives from Latin incapax, incapacis, formed by the prefix in- meaning not and capax meaning capable. In singular form it is invariable for gender (un incapaz, una incapaz), and the plural is incapaces. The expression ser o estar incapaz de + infinitive is common in everyday language.

Usage notes: incapaz is used with verbs to express inability, such as ser incapaz de comprender, estar incapaz de moverse, or no ser capaz de resolver un problema. It can describe short-term failures or long-standing limitations. In formal or clinical contexts, more precise terms like incapacidad or incapacidad de obrar are used, especially in legal or medical language.

Noun use and nuance: while primarily an adjective, incapaz can appear as a nominalized form in informal speech to refer to a person deemed incompetent (often pejoratively). For clarity, phrases like una persona incapaz or un individuo incapaz are preferred over simplified noun usage.

Related terms: incapacidad (noun meaning incapacity), capacidad (ability), incompetente (incompetent). The word is common across Spanish-speaking regions, with usage varying in formality and legal specificity.