Impulsturbiinissa

Impulsturbiinissa, often translated as impulse turbine, is a type of rotary machine that extracts energy from a fluid flow by imparting a change in momentum to the fluid. This change in momentum results in a force acting on the turbine's runner, causing it to rotate. In an impulse turbine, the working fluid is directed through nozzles, where its pressure is converted into kinetic energy as it expands and accelerates. This high-velocity jet of fluid then strikes the buckets or blades of the turbine runner. The impact of the fluid causes a change in its direction of flow, and according to Newton's third law, this change in momentum creates an equal and opposite impulse force on the runner. This impulse force is what drives the rotation of the turbine.

The design of an impulse turbine typically involves a stationary set of nozzles that control the flow and direct the fluid onto the rotating runner. The runner itself is equipped with specifically shaped buckets or blades that are designed to efficiently capture the kinetic energy of the fluid jet. As the fluid passes through the turbine, it is deflected, and its velocity is reduced. The fluid then exits the turbine at a lower velocity and pressure. Impulse turbines are commonly used in hydroelectric power generation, such as the Pelton turbine, where a high-head, low-flow water source is available. They are also found in steam turbines and gas turbines, where they are used to convert the thermal energy of the working fluid into mechanical work. The fundamental principle of operation is the transfer of momentum from the fluid to the turbine runner through a direct impulse.