Idrossidici

Idrossidici is a term used in chemistry to refer to compounds containing hydroxyl groups. A hydroxyl group is a functional group composed of a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom bonded together, with the oxygen atom also bonded to a larger molecule. These compounds can be organic or inorganic.

In organic chemistry, alcohols are a prominent class of idrossidici compounds, characterized by one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom. Examples include ethanol, a common solvent and ingredient in alcoholic beverages, and methanol, a toxic alcohol used as a fuel and solvent. Phenols are another type, where the hydroxyl group is directly attached to an aromatic ring. Glycerol is a triol, meaning it has three hydroxyl groups, and is widely used in cosmetics and food production.

Inorganic idrossidici compounds, commonly known as bases or hydroxides, typically consist of a metal cation bonded to one or more hydroxide anions (OH-). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye, is a strong base used in cleaning products and industrial processes. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is similar in properties and applications. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), or slaked lime, is used in construction and agriculture. The presence of hydroxyl groups significantly influences the chemical and physical properties of these substances, often imparting solubility in water and characteristic reactivity.